Diagnostic value of autophagy-related circular RNA circ_0020123 in ovarian cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression level of circular RNA circ_0020123 in ovarian cancer (OC) , and then to evaluate the diagnostic value of circ_0020123 level in ovarian cancer.Methods:Fifty-five ovarian cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated in Hangzhou Linping District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Oct. 2016 to Mar. 2017 were selected, and serum was collected for high-throughput gene expression sequencing analysis. The circ_0020123 level in serum of ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the diagnostic efficacy of circ_0020123 level on ovarian cancer was evaluated by drawing receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) . The correlation between the expression of circ_0020123 and the clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer patients was investigated by t-test. The survival curve was drawn to analyze the relationship between the serum circ_0020123 level and the prognosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I and p62.Results:Compared with the serum of healthy people (1±0.25) , the expression of circ_0020123 was significantly up-regulated in the serum of ovarian cancer patients (1.24±0.23) ( t=5.23, P<0.001) . The ROC curve showed that circ_0020123 had high diagnostic performance for the detection of ovarian cancer specimens (AUC=0.7579, P<0.001) . Comprehensive analysis of t test and logistic analysis showed that the high expression of circ_0020123 was significantly correlated with FIGO stage ( t=5.46, P<0.001) and tumor size ( t=6.37, P<0.001) . The measurement of survival data showed that the 5-year overall survival of the circ_0020123 high expression group was significantly shorter than that of the circ_0020123 low expression group ( P=0.019) . Knockdown of circ_0020123 in cells down-regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I (0.45±0.05) ( t=9.31, P=0.001) , and up-regulated the expression of p62 (1.94±0.11) ( t=12.62, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that circ_0020123 is an important ovarian cancer-related circular RNA, which provides a potential diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer patients.

A novel lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA signature predicts recurrence and disease-free survival in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) patients have a poor prognosis due to the high recurrence rate. However, there are still no effective molecular signatures to predict the recurrence and survival rates for CC patients. Here, we aimed to identify a novel signature based on three types of RNAs [messenger RNA (mRNAs), microRNA (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)]. A total of 763 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), 46 lncRNAs (DELs), and 22 miRNAs (DEMis) were identified between recurrent and non-recurrent CC patients using the datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE44001; training) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (RNA- and miRNA-sequencing; testing) databases. A competing endogenous RNA network was constructed based on 23 DELs, 15 DEMis, and 426 DEMs, in which 15 DELs, 13 DEMis, and 390 DEMs were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS). A prognostic signature, containing two DELs (CD27-AS1, LINC00683), three DEMis (hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-1238, hsa-miR-4648), and seven DEMs (ARMC7, ATRX, FBLN5, GHR, MYLIP, OXCT1, RAB39A), was developed after LASSO analysis. The built risk score could effectively separate the recurrence rate and DFS of patients in the high- and low-risk groups. The accuracy of this risk score model for DFS prediction was better than that of the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging (the area under receiver operating characteristic curve: training, 0.954 vs 0.501; testing, 0.882 vs 0.656; and C-index: training, 0.855 vs 0.539; testing, 0.711 vs 0.508). In conclusion, the high predictive accuracy of our signature for DFS indicated its potential clinical application value for CC patients.

Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of myometrial invasion of carcinoma endometrium

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in females and the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. The prognosis of endometrial carcinoma depends on a number of factors, including stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lympho-vascular invasion, nodal status and histologic grade. Preoperative assessment with MRI is essential for planning surgery and lymph node sampling. The objectives of this study were to determine the myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma by MRI and to obtain histopathology in surgically resected specimen, to compare the MRI findings of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma with histopathology in respectable cases.Methods: Authors analyzed 41 cases in whom, histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma endometrium was established by means of pre-treatment biopsy. Consenting patients were taken up for preoperative MRI FIGO staging. MR images were reviewed for parameters like depth of myometrial invasion. Further surgical management followed by histopathological FIGO staging was done.Results: The study showed MRI was highly sensitive and specific tool for identifying depth of myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, serosal invasion, vaginal and parametrial invasion.Conclusions: There was statistically significant difference between histopathological and MRI assessment of local invasion of endometrial carcinoma.

Role of computed tomography (CT) scan in staging of cervical carcinoma.

Background & objectives: Staging of cervical carcinoma is done clinically using International Federation of obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) guidelines. It is based on physical examination findings and also includes results of biopsy, endoscopy and conventional radiological tests like chest radiograph, intravenous urography and barium enema. These conventional radiological investigations have largely been replaced by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at present. FIGOo staging system does not consider CT and MRI mandatory; however, use of these modalities are encouraged. tThis prospective study was conducted to determine the role of CT in staging work up in women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. Methods: Fifty three women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma were evaluated with contrast enhanced CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. CT scan images were especially evaluated to determine tumour size, invasion of parmetrium, pelvic walls, rectum, urinary bladder and ureters, pelvic or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and distant metastases. CT findings were associated with clinical findings and staging, including findings from cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Results: There was a poor agreement between clinical and CT staging of cervical carcinoma. Primary tumour was demonstrated on CT in 36 (70%) of 53 patients. CT underestimated the parametrial, vaginal and pelvic wall invasion when compared with physical examination. CT overestimated the urinary bladder and rectal invasion when compared with cysto-sigmoidoscopy, however, CT had 100 per cent negative predictive value (NPV) to exclude bladder and rectal involvement. CT detection of lymph node enlargement and lung metastases influenced the management. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings show that CT scan does not reliably correlate with clinical FIGOo staging of cervical cancer. However, it can detect urinary obstruction as well as nodal or distant metastases and thus improves the clinical FIGOo staging

FIGO Staging for Uterine Sarcomas: Can the Revised 2008 Staging System Predict Survival Outcome Better?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare survival of patients with uterine sarcomas using the 1988 and 2008 International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) staging systems to determine if revised 2008 staging accurately predicts patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 83 patients with leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma treated at Yonsei University Health System between March of 1989 and November of 2009 were reviewed. The prognostic validity of both FIGO staging systems, as well as other factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma comprised 47.0% and 53.0% of this study population, respectively. Using the new staging system, 43 (67.2%) of 64 eligible patients were reclassified. Among those 64 patients, 45 (70.3%) patients with limited uterine corpus involvement were divided into stage IA (n=14) and IB (n=31). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference between stages I and II and the other stages in both staging systems (p<0.001) with respect to progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Age, menopausal status, tumor size, and cell type were significantly associated with OS (p=0.011, p=0.031, p=0.044, p=0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, revised FIGO stage greater than III was an independent poor prognostic factor with a hazard ratio of 9.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.49-33.0, p=0.001]. CONCLUSION: The 2008 FIGO staging system is more valid than the previous FIGO staging system for uterine sarcomas with respect to its ability to distinguish early-stage patients from advanced-stage patients.

Factores pronósticos para sobrevida en pacientes con carcinosarcoma uterino

Objetivos: Evaluar los factores pronósticos para sobrevida en pacientes con carcinosarcoma uterino. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes. Institución: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pacientes con carcinosarcoma uterino. Intervenciones: Se revisó las historias clínicas y resultados de anatomía patológica en pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinosarcoma uterino tratadas durante el periodo 2005 a 2011. El análisis estadístico fue desarrollado usando el SPSS 19,0 para Windows, con frecuencias y medidas resumen. La sobrevida fue estimada con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Todas las pruebas tuvieron una significancia de 95%, p< 0,05. El análisis multivariado se realizó con el modelo de Cox proportional hazards para efectos de las variables pronóstico. Principales medidas de resultados: Factores pronósticos de sobrevida. Resultados: Se identificó 37 pacientes con carcinosarcoma uterino. La edad media fue 63 años; la mayoría de los pacientes (67%) se presentó en estadio avanzado. En 33 pacientes (89%), la cirugía inicial fue desarrollada de manera no estandarizada. Solo siete pacientes tuvieron linfadenectomía pélvica (19%), lo que no influyó en la sobrevida global. Quince pacientes tuvieron omentectomía (40%), de las cuales ocho tenían metástasis a epiplón, lo cual influyó en la sobrevida global. El tiempo mediano de seguimiento fue cuatro meses (rango 0,5 a 59 meses). La sobrevida global estimada a tres años para todos los estadios fue 48,9%. Hubo ocho (21,6%) pacientes con recurrencia. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico y adyuvante fue realizado de manera no estandarizada. El estadio al momento del diagnóstico y la metástasis a epiplón fueron los únicos factores que influyeron en la sobrevida. La terapia adyuvante no mejoró la sobrevida. Se debe considerar omentectomía como parte del estadiaje.

Objectives: To determine survival prognostic factors in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru. Participants: Patients with uterine carcinosarcoma. Interventions: A review of medical histories and pathology reports in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma treated from 2005 through 2011 was performed. Statistical analysis used SPSS 19.0 for Windows, with frequencies and summary measures. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Significance was 95%, p< 0.05. Multivariate analysis for prognostic variables was done with Cox proportional hazards model. Main outcome measures: Survival prognostic factors. Results: In 37 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma mean age was 63 years, most of them (67%) presented advanced stages. Non-standardized initial surgery was performed in 33 patients (89%). Only seven patients had pelvic lymphadenectomy (19%) that did not influence overall survival. Omentectomy was done in 15 patients (40%), and eight had metastases to omentum influencing overall survival. Conclusions: Surgical and adjuvant treatments were developed in a non-standardized way. Only factors influencing survival were stage at diagnosis and omentum metastasis. Adjuvant therapy did not improve survival. Omentectomy should be considered in staging.

Revised FIGO Staging System

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) updated the staging system for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium in 2009. A new staging system for uterine sarcoma has been designed. This review summarizes the changes. There were minor changes in carcinoma of endometrium and cervix. The staging systems for uterine sarcomas were newly developed. Major changes were made for the carcinoma of vulva. There were no changes for cancer of the ovary, tube, vagina, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.